What is a sprint race in F1 and how does qualifying shootout work?

What is a sprint race in F1 and how does qualifying shootout work? (cloned) - The US Grand Prix hosts the fourth of six ...
The Associated Press- Sports on MSN

Both Williams cars disqualified from F1 Singapore GP qualifying for technical breach

Williams has seen both cars disqualified for a technical infringement in qualifying for the Singapore Grand Prix. Alex Albon and Carlos Sainz, Jr. had qualified 12th and 13th but will now be ...