Mountain building, also known as orogenesis, is a geological process that involves the formation and uplift of large, elevated landforms, known as mountains. The term "orogenesis" comes from Greek ...

When you walk around on land, you are walking on top of Earth’s rocky crust. Below the crust is another thick layer of rock. These layers form Earth’s tectonic plates, and when those plates collide ...

Countries with the Most Volcanoes: Volcanoes are powerful openings in the Earth’s crust where hot lava, ash, and gases escape from below the surface. Some countries have more volcanoes because they ...

Seafloor lava rubble stores far more carbon than solid rock, revealing a long-overlooked carbon sink shaping Earth’s climate over time.