WASHINGTON—Senate Republicans’ plan to extract more savings from Medicaid as part of their revised tax and spending package triggered a backlash within the party, raising concerns that leaders could miss their self-imposed deadline of getting the bill to President Trump’s desk by July 4.

Federal student loan borrowers could benefit from the extension of a rule regarding employers helping workers pay off their loans.

Top Senate Republicans are running into some resistance from several key senators about the details of President Donald Trump’s “big beautiful bill,” potentially complicating plans to deliver that package by their own July 4 deadline.