Sufis rocking Mecca during Hajj 2023. Coming from Chechnya Republic (Russia), they chant the testimony of Oneness, "There is none in existence, save One!" _______________________________________ MBS reforms in Saudi ended 90 years of Wahhabi ban on alternative spirituality. Dhikr circles were common in Arabia during 400 years of Turkish rule, as were performances during the Hajj pilgrimage. A first-hand account from Hajj of year 1902 reads: ❝[Near mina we were..] overtaken by.. professional men